His
gratitude and admiration were as sincere as America’s applause, and he
lavished on this very American story, based on a hit play about the Gold Rush,
everything he had learned about the orchestral canvas. Despite an all-star cast
(Destinn, Caruso, Amato, Toscanini in the pit), the opera had a less than
dazzling premiere in 1910 and has never quite matched the most popular of his
operas.
It is a thousand pities that Puccini, who died in 1924, never saw or read
Eugene O’Neill’s Desire Under the Elms, published the same
year. He would have been just the man to translate that poetic drama of love
for property versus love for, well, a lover, with its classical overtones of
adultery, infanticide and murderous family conflict in backwoods America into
theatrical melody. Almost unstageable today, the play cries out for
Italianization and Puccini’s gift for making lurid action and character
memorably tuneful. But the great ships Puccini and O’Neill passed in the
night.
Marcello Giordani as Dick Johnson and Deborah Voigt as Minnie
It was Puccini’s custom to attend plays in languages he didn’t
understand; if they knocked him out anyway, he knew they’d make good
operas, and he had thus discovered David Belasco’s Madame
Butterfly. His choice now fell on Belasco’s The Girl of the
Golden West, then playing to packed houses on Broadway. If the clichÈs of
its plot still make us smile (pistol-packing, Bible-teaching virgin cheats at
poker to save her man and rides in on horseback just in time to
prevent his lynching), it is because Belasco, who had actually been raised in
Gold Rush California, set the tone for ten thousand Western movies and TV
episodes to follow. The score is melodramatic (a good thing), romantic and set
to thrill if you get the right singers, if the right singers exist anymore.
Since Fanciulla and Puccini’s later Il Trittico remain
the only works premiered at the Met to have gained any enduring popularity, the
opera’s centennial had to be marked by revival there no matter the lack
of a proper spinto diva.
Fanciulla, despite its swift-moving, surefire story and lush
orchestration, does not quite win us over, though the proper cast can make Act
II as thrilling as anything in the verismo idiom. Minnie, with so much to sing
but no big memorable tune and cursed with a happy ending, has seldom been a
favorite with sopranos or the public. Puccini does some wonderful
scene-painting (the Sierras at sunset sort of thing, splendidly backdropped by
Michael Scott at the Met), and the lovely waltz the miners clap for
Minnie’s first dance with Dick Johnson was good enough for Andrew Lloyd
Webber to steal it, but she has no irresistible statement of personality to
rival “Mi chiamano Mimi” or “Un bel dÓ” or “Il
sogno di Doretta”; nothing to lure us to love the character and be
curious about her destiny. Minnie is perhaps too simple to need to explain
herself but the unforgettable tune is a necessity, and it’s not here.
That lack keeps Fanciulla on the shelf of also-ran Puccini. Emmy
Destinn, for whom the part was composed, never recorded any of it, there being
no proper aria to fit the three-minute 78rpm format of the day.
Lucio Gallo as Jack Rance and Deborah Voigt as Minnie
When did the Met last have a credible Minnie? Kirsten and Steber were before
my time. Friends mention Dimitrova or Daniels to me; I heard Maralin Niska do
it pretty well at the City Opera, though her horse refused to stand still.
Aprile Millo did a fine job for Queler some years back but her instrument has
been on again-off again for years. Who does that leave us? Could Radvanovsky do
it? Would she want to? Accustomed to Verdi, she has commented that
Puccini’s orchestra may be too large for her, but she will take on
Tosca this winter. That should be interesting.
The Met has given the part to Deborah Voigt, who stakes a claim based on her
coloring, her acting, her Americanness and her ability to dismount from a
horse, albeit stiffly, in full view of the audience. Her voice, though, is
fool’s gold, tatterdemalion, trumpery—it doesn’t pan out. At
Minnie’s entrance, breaking up a bar fight, gun a-blazing, fresh and
girlish and frontier healthy, Voigt sounds seventy-five years old, the voice
wavery and thin. So, too, in the schoolmarm scene and throughout the love
music. When she gets anywhere near the proper spinto quality, her breath cannot
sustain it. She finally warms up by the climactic poker game that ends Act II,
which is far too late. All this should be no surprise to
anyone—it’s just the way she sang Senta last year, Isolde the year
before that. And you would have to ask stage director Giancarlo del Monaco why
instead of green California forest, he has given Minnie a dusty and
anachronistic Southwest ghost town for the last act, depriving her of a place
to ride a horse on stage, Belasco’s surefire climax. (Mr. del Monaco, who
has always had a wall eye for era and locale, had perhaps seen too many Sergio
Leone Westerns.)
A scene from Act I of with Marcello Giordani as Dick Johnson and Deborah Voigt as Minnie (dancing) and Lucio Gallo (seated) as Jack Rance
Marcello Giordani, looking very Latin badman in a black duster and
mustachios, carries off such vocal honors as the evening offers, with soaring,
unstrained sound for Dick’s romantic yearnings, only missing a note or
two at the bottom of his range. Lucio Gallo surprised me with an effectively
sung and acted Sheriff Rance in a white duster, to confuse those of us
accustomed to black-and-white cowboy symbolism. Among the many character roles
that endear the opera to comprimarios everywhere, none of them overmugged, I
especially enjoyed Tony Stevenson’s jolly bartender, Dwayne Croft’s
sturdy Sonora and Oren Gradus as a wandering minstrel. Del Monaco’s
direction, aside from putting the horses in the wrong scene, was stagy but not
too gimmicky. It did not offend. But if you’re going to make your saloon
the size of Grand Central Station, do you have to put the Sheriff and Minnie on
opposite sides of it when he is trying to whisper sweet propositions in her
ear? (And why put the saloon piano upstairs and out of the way, where it can
hardly be useful at parties?)
Nicola Luisotti conducted. He has a flair for Puccini’s big climaxes
but he lets them get far too loud. There were several scenes, especially the
crowded ones, in which one had to strain to hear the voices. One would
appreciate Maestro Luisotti toning it down a bit.
John Yohalem
Right click here to download a video clip from the Poker Scene.
Right click here to download a video clip of the Act II duet with Johnson and Minnie.
Same opera, same production, same cast—but the difference was like night and day. On January 3rd, an indisposed Voigt was replaced by Portuguese soprano Elisabete Matos, who had made her Met debut on December 22nd, a scheduled performance in the same role.
Matos is a genuine spinto—except when she sounds like a real lyric—except when she sounds hochdramatisch. In Europe, she sings in all these categories, but to hell with fach. She has a golden, gleaming sound, warm and fragrant when she lets her guard down romantically (and Minnie in Fanciulla del West is a girl who loves love stories), lyric and casual when jesting with her family of miners, and though brilliant and full (and smack on pitch for the B of “stelle” and the C’s in Act II), her voice is never harsh in anguish or triumph. With a Minnie of this quality, Puccini’s opera finally and worthily celebrated its hundredth birthday at the Met. (Can we have her back again soon? Please? As Butterfly, say, or Sieglinde?)
Matos, though younger, looks very like Debbie Voigt: She cuts a sturdy figure, more athletic frontierswoman than fashion model. A natural actress, she seemed to know each miner inside and out, able to play with them, tease them, slap them about, tousle their hair. This makes all the sillier Giancarlo Del Monaco’s staging of the opera’s climax, when Minnie begs the miners to spare her lover’s life: She has no need to fire guns at them. She knows and we know they’ll never shoot at her. They adore her. She’s never asked them for anything before—and now she does, and of course they let her and her lover depart together romantically into the sunset. (Del Monaco, thinking as usual that he’s cleverer than Puccini, sends all the miners off with them, instead of having them tug our heartstrings as they wave her a last farewell. Puccini always knew what he was doing; directors mess with him at their peril.)
With a different prima donna, a genuine Fanciulla at the heart of the opera, every singer on the stage seemed to turn up an energetic notch or two—glorious high notes from Giordani, fine contributions from Owen Gradus’s Jake, Keith Miller’s Ashby, Dwayne Croft’s Sonora and, well, drinks around the bar, boys! I mean, ragazzi! Great work by all hands. A starry night.
-J.Y.
image=http://www.operatoday.com/Fanciulla_Met_2010_02.gif
image_description=Deborah Voigt as Minnie [Photo by Ken Howard courtesy of Metropolitan Opera]
product=yes
product_title=Giacomo Puccini: La Fanciulla del West
product_by=Minnie: Deborah Voigt; Dick Johnson: Marcello Giordani; Jack Rance: Lucio Gallo; Nick: Tony Stevenson; Sonora: Dwayne Croft; Jake: Oren Gradus. Metropolitan Opera House chorus and orchestra conducted by Nicola Luisotti. Performance of December 14.
product_id=Above: Deborah Voigt as Minnie
All photos by Ken Howard courtesy of Metropolitan Opera