to convince myself I knew no more about them than I do about, say, the Doges of
Genoa or the Kings of Sweden (to recall other operas that mingle the political
with the personal), and to attempt to appreciate the drama presented on stage,
the music emanating from it (far too much of it coming through microphones), on
that disinterested level.
This made for an intriguing but confusing evening: I
suspect composer John Adams and his librettist, Alice Goodman, actually do want
you to dwell on your recollections of Nixon, Mao, et al., to allow these to
color their operatic take on events. Nixon is a meditation on the
events of its era through the medium of opera, which is a new sort of focus to
put on the form.
Nixon in China is not my kind of opera, but let us examine what
kind of opera it is, and why the audience at the Met’s premiere—and
at its earlier performances, in Houston, Brooklyn and around the
world—have received it with enthusiasm.
There were, first of all, the performances, and for so many performances to
delight an audience for three and a half hours argues that the composer has
created parts that can be inventively sung, that give scope to the artist and
joy to the listener. (This was not the case in the same composer’s
Dr. Atomic, with its unconvincing dramatic trajectory and sidelong
meditations.) True, all the singers were mic’d, at the composer’s
insistence, as in all his operas, but some of them sounded mic’d
and others—especially the women—did not.
Kathleen Kim as Madame Mao stole the show with her coloratura flights in the
bravura number that concludes Act II, and was amusing in her down-and-dirty
duet with the Chairman. Robert Brubaker, as Mao, sang rather too forcefully for
a man tottering on the brink of the grave, brusquely demolishing every attempt
at flattery offered him by the unconvincing Americans. (In an amusing touch,
his statements are “translated” by three secretaries, producing
just about the only vocal harmonies of the evening.) Janis Kelly as Pat Nixon
was affectingly hopeful, singing almost conversationally, enduring the tedium
of a First Lady’s tour and an unemotional marriage in an appealing,
almost tragic performance. Richard Paul Fink made a deliciously sinister pixie
of Henry Kissinger and also sang the brutal landlord figure in a Chinese
Revolutionary opera. Russell Braun sang a fading, dignified, melancholy Chou
En-lai. Only James Maddalena, who has sung the title role in most performances
of the opera since its premiere in 1987, sounded, on his Met debut, either long
past major roles or under a severe unannounced cold. All these except Mr.
Maddalena held our attention, sinking their teeth into roles the composer had
filled with juicy meat. There is not much in this opera of confrontation, of
music that erupts from vocal interaction; it is, rather, a series of static
narratives, drama almost in the Handelian manner, singing heads for talking
heads, if you will.
For me, though, the vocal stars of the performance were the Met chorus,
which has been extraordinary in everything for the last couple of years. Their
pronunciation of words was especially crisp and clear, their enthusiasm of mood
infectious when, say, abruptly transformed from Party guests to pig farmers. I
think I’d enjoy the Met chorus if they were singing the phonebook. The
Chinese phonebook.
Janis Kelly as Pat Nixon, Teresa S. Herold as the Second Secretary to Mao, James Maddalena as Richard Nixon, Ginger Costa Jackson as the First Secretary to Mao, Russell Braun as Chou En-lai
The Peter Sellars production is very faithful to those shots I dimly
remember of the original telecast of an earlier Sellars production. Those who
saw Nixon in Brooklyn twenty years ago do not recall that Pat and Dick
became so involved in the “Wicked Landlord Whips Peasant Girl”
ballet in the Peking Opera scene, to the point of interfering with the
characters onstage, but by that point in the story the naturalism of the first
half of the opera was beginning to evaporate, borne on the wings of
Adams’s repetitive, hypnotic accompaniments to unheard melodies. His
mastery of suggestion became especially witty in the last act, the presentation
of a row of beds occupied by all the characters as they suffer, chat,
hallucinate, meditate, have sex or die: Pat recollects the dance music of
forties films (two dancers oblige by reproducing such steps—Mark Morris
created the witty choreography) and the orchestra plays no such tune but,
rather, the tingling accompaniment that might lie beneath it, suggesting a step
or a mood of elegance such as might linger in Pat’s mind from those
forgotten, forgettable films and their hallucinations of romance. This in turn
leads to a highly erotic reverie for the dying Mao and Chiang Ch’ing,
whose marriage, however bloody it has become (and if we did not know all the
hideous details twenty-five years ago, we certainly know them now), was once
based upon a lustful and illicit affair, recalled joyously here.
The curious thing is that the audience for three or four hours of classical
entertainment has come to delight in this sort of tableau, this elevation of
the humans we have actually known to an archetypal status, and that opera is
today considered the proper accolade to the achievement of a certain sort of
celebrity, political or otherwise. This makes one wonder what opera, what
singing rather than living, now implies to us. In the eighteenth century,
operas seldom dealt with historical figures, and those that did dealt with
ancient ones—Caesar, Cleopatra, Alfred the Great—in whom the
monarchs of the day could see their own powers idealized, virtue rewarded,
villainy dissipated. In the nineteenth century, when the bourgeois came to
power, historical figures were shown in a lurid light, tainted by their
power—and if they were not quite so antique, still, they were seldom
closer in time than the previous century.
Robert Brubaker as Mao Tse-tung and James Maddalena as Richard Nixon
Since World War II, especially in the United States, the operatic gift that
has never quite seemed rooted in our soil has flowered into operatic treatments
of Susan B. Anthony, Lizzie Borden, Carrie Nation, Malcolm X, Harvey Milk and
J. Robert Oppenheimer—with Anna Nicole Smith soon to come. Whatever Ms.
Smith’s charms, her celebrity seems of the most tendentious sort. Does
anything about it call for gorgeous celebration? Is the whole idea not a spoof
of opera to begin with? Do any of these pieces have the potential for a
theatrical life removed from our memories of headlines? Yes: Susan B. Anthony
had the luck to have an opera of genius written about her, The Mother of Us
All. But the other works did not deal in archetypes; they are the musical
equivalent of reportage, their substance gone once half the audience no longer
knows what Nixon actually did. Modern celebrity opera is a sort of
oral history if you like.
Returning to Nixon in China, one should mention that the piece was
conducted by the composer, making his house debut, and that on several
occasions it seemed to me that brasses and saxophones intruded a bit off-kilter
and that certain rhythms were ragged—but I do not know the score well
enough to be sure these moments were not intentional. There were moments of
magic, especially in the “Peking Opera” ballet, and the final act
was very beautiful, an extended concerted passage that never quite concerted:
Nearly all the singers continued to sing alone, perhaps stressing their
isolation in the drama, in the world. Or perhaps that was not the intent.
John Yohalem
image=http://www.operatoday.com/NIXON_Maddalena_as_Nixon_57.gif
image_description=James Maddalena as Richard Nixon in Adam’s “Nixon in China.”
Photo: Ken Howard/Metropolitan Opera
product=yes
product_title=John Adams: Nixon in China
product_by=Chou En-lai: Russell Braun; Nancy T’ang: Ginger Costa-Jackson; Richard Nixon: James Maddalena; Pat Nixon: Janis Kelly; Kissinger/Corrupt Landowner: Richard Paul Fink; Mao Tse-tung: Robert Brubaker; Chiang Ch’ing (Madame Mao): Kathleen Kim. Metropolitan Opera Chorus and Orchestra, conducted by John Adams. Performance of February 2.
product_id=Above: James Maddalena as Richard Nixon
All photos by Ken Howard courtesy of Metropolitan Opera